Compare And Contrast Theory With Practice

Compare And Contrast Theory With Practice Case management is the process of helping patients with lives that are not productive or satisfactory as a result of a number of problems among them drug and substance abuse. Case management in social work is whereby a social worker professionally assesses the needs of the client and their respective families (Ballew Mink 1997). The social worker then coordinates, monitors, evaluates, arranges and advocates an effective service package to meet the clients or patients needs. Case management differs from managed care whereby the former is designed to obtain the most appropriate and perhaps best treatment for patients while the latter is designed to avoid hospitalization or initiate shorter hospital stays thereby reducing costs incurred. Case managers professional credentials will comprise broadly of the following: A masters graduate accredited by the council on social work education Have a current state or national social work certificate or license At least two years work experience at the masters level relating to bio-psych social needs Practicing in line with federal and state regulations and laws An adherent to the social work code of ethics (National Association of Social Workers NASW) Case management constitutes psychological and clinical components. As a pre- requisite therefore, a case manager should be able to address a variety of matters some of which may include: Crisis intervention: where the patients state or situation signifies a crisis needing urgent attention Resource brokerage: This involves marshalling of the necessary resources to commence treatment. Teamwork collaboration: The bringing together of all the stakeholders involved in the treatment plan Client / family education: Provision of all the necessary information and education related to the condition and treatment procedure. Client / family advocacy: Advocate for patient or client where society or family puts forth a set of demands (Halley, Kopp Austin 1997) Psychological assessment and diagnostic procedures Results and evaluation: Interpretation of patient assessment results. Client / family counseling: Initiate patient / family counseling sessions. Most importantly the case manager initiates a team oriented approach to case management. Generally case management procedures offered by organizations are effected based on a screening procedure outcome. This screening criteria will pinpoint all collaborative services through coordination of high quality care services. The coordination is meant to reduce any service fragmentation. The ultimate goal of this process would be to identify patients: With costly illness or injury With terminal condition With chronic illness or illness in an acute stage The coordination of the case services during screening is aimed at enhancing the quality of life and appropriate usage of health care resources. Client screening should cover the following aspects: Financial Environmental Physical Psychological Cultural / spiritual Vocational Client psychological screening is achieved through an assessment process which may include among other components: Patients personal data Patients health status and age Patients emotional and financial status Patients vocational and functional status including spirituality Cognitive functioning focusing on the client The case management process exploits a number of intervention options. The case manager assists clients / patients and family members to establish a suitable treatment plan. The plan pinpoints the patients strengths and supportive systems. These are employed during the implementation. Alternatively the case manager may monitor a patient from community to an inpatient facility and back to the community setting. The manager then adapts a treatment plan suited to the patients needs in each of the set ups. Collaboration as an option can also be used where the case manager collaboratively and collectively involves the patients family and others concerning the implementation of the treatment plan. The parties are continuously updated about the progress, goals, obstacles and any variations to the initial treatment plan. The Patrician movement most likely adopts this kind of approach or practice based on the fact that this movement considers the family as a basic societal unit that can be directly involved in the treatment and prevention of substance and drug abuse (The Patrician Movement 2010). An important aspect concerning any process is the documentation process. In the case management process the manager develops suitable case management plans which are documented in the patients record. These documentation should be accessible by all relevant and authorized team involved in the treatment plan of the patient in question. The documentation contains vital information based on the current or proposed treatment plan. Accordingly all medical documentation should be kept confidential and treated as so. The case management process must have an established measurement of outcomes. The plans outcome indicators should include observed and measured goals for every problem, the progress being periodically measured by the case manager along with the supportive team. The measurement indicators will include: Resolution of the problem: This will include the patient care plans connoting the percentages met, partially met or not yet met. The patients level of dedication to treatment estimated by measuring the attendance frequencies for the assigned treatment sessions. A decrease in procedures and treatments that was unplanned for. Service costs, reconciled service levels and utilization of resources The patients or clients satisfaction which can be derived by the use of tools such as questionnaires the likes of DUKE, Darmouth Co-op or SF- 36. Levels of patient satisfaction can also be demonstrated through contract renewal by the client usually an indicator of insurance company satisfaction. The patrician movement was founded at St Patrick Parish on the Eastern side of San Antonio in Texas in the late 1950s as a church based drug and substance abuse prevention and treatment facility. Initially founded as a haven from multi racial violence within the neighborhood, patrician movement founders realized the need to address the substance abuse that was clearly evident among the various gang members who came to seek shelter at the parish. The movement has largely evolved into a fully fledged facility today offering prevention and treatment services from a holistic point of view (The Patrician Movement 2010). The treatment program is largely inclined on a self assessment journey making every case unique in its own sense. The core concept embraced by the patrician movement points to the fact that each individual is unique and has a right to develop maximum potential. The family is emphasized as the basic unit of society and education as paramount for human development and treatm ent. The prevention and treatment services at the patrician movement are somewhat unique. This is due to the fact that prevention and treatment process are family oriented and managed. Case managers are basically from within the community and a conservative approach to rehabilitation process is followed. Among the case managers are those with special skills, others are former clients of the patrician movement whereas some are family members (Ballew Mink 1997) The patrician movement is concerned with the whole person and serves the San Antonio population basically. However the entire Texas state also benefits from the services of this movement. This movement having started at community level and as a community initiative is thus strongly San Antonio based. While involving the family in case management; patrician movement is helping to build stronger rehabilitation programs with effective accountability and follow up. The age bracket covered by the services offered at Patrician movement ranging from 18 to 65 years ensures a wider population is catered for. Patrician movement runs a brief strategic family therapy (BSFT) to cater for youngsters exhibiting early substance abuse and delinquency. By focusing on the family as a base of contact and rehabilitation Patrician movement ensures full community involvement in the programs thereby making them quite effective. Established in a mixed race society, Patrician movement cross racial approach to treatment and prevention continues to elicit community support from people of mixed race. Posted statistics are indicative of the fact that as at 2003 over 2500 families had been served with over 2200 adults as well. Proportionally this implies almost one adult per family. This means drug and substance abuse rate in San Antonio is high. A perusal of the testimonials from the Patrician movement website indicates a community full of gratitude to the services offered at the movement. The GED diploma program is among the unique service offered at Patrician movement meant to empower the population intellectually. By focusing on the whole person the Patrician movement boasts a higher level of success in rehabilitation unlike the common approaches that will mainly focus on the resolution of the problem. In developing and involving the family and therefore the community as a fundamental part of the rehabilitation process, Patrician movement is ensuring lower chances of relapse due to the fact that all other underlying factors are looked at and addressed. Due to the fact that the San Antonio population is mixed race, the Patrician movement believes in intellectually empowering the community as part of its prevention and treatment strategy. The administration of GED program ensures that those without the basic intellectual skills are equipped and in so doing the general public is able to receive and act on general public information without misinterpretation or misunderstanding.

Primary Reasons of Poverty of the Philippines

Official poverty statistics in the Philippines are part of the System of Designated Statistics instituted and implemented by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) pursuant to Executive Order No. 352 signed on 01 July 1996. Based on policies approved by the NSCB, official poverty statistics consist of the food and poverty thresholds, the subsistence and poverty incidence, the income gap, the poverty gap, and the severity of poverty index. The estimates of subsistence and poverty incidence are expressed in terms of proportion of families and of the population.Prior to 2000, the income gap, poverty gap and the severity of poverty index as well as the annual food and poverty thresholds were not part of the official poverty statistics. Under NSCB Board Resolution No. 9 Series of 2000, these statistics were added to the official poverty statistics designated to the NSCB under E. O. 352. Moreover, prior to 2003, the official poverty statistics were being generated only at the n ational and regional levels with urban-rural disaggregation. In response to user need for provincial disaggregation of poverty statistics, NSCB Resolution No.  1 Series of 2003 was passed on 15 January 2003, approving a methodology for the compilation of official poverty statistics.This methodology underwent a series of discussions thru workshops, interagency meetings and users’ fora before it was approved by the NSCB. The initial efforts of the NSCB for the development of the methodology were undertaken in 1999 as part of the NSCB involvement in the â€Å"Development of an Integrated Poverty Monitoring and Indicator System Project†, a module of the UNDP-assisted project â€Å"Strengthening Institutional Mechanisms for the Convergence of Poverty Alleviation Efforts, Phase I†, which was implemented by NEDA.Except for the food and poverty thresholds that are estimated annually, the other official poverty statistics are estimated every three years after the resul ts of the Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) of the National Statistics Office (NSO) have become available. The FIES is a nationwide survey of households undertaken to gather data on the income and expenditures of Filipino families.

Human Resource Management Roles/Hcs 341

Human Resource Management Roles Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers (Heathfield, S. M. ). Human Resource Management is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training. Human Resource Management is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace culture and environment. Effective HRM enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organization's goals and objectives (Heathfield, S. M. ). Planning Human resources managers try to project how many employees will be necessary. They look at how many good workers are staying with the company and how many leave. Ideally, they want a low turnover ratio, where more people are staying than leaving. Planners try to identify good workers from the applicant pool, and use them to replace people leaving the company. The ultimate goal is to increase highly skilled and experienced personnel each time there is turnover. If a company is going to reduce employee numbers, planning tries to look for positions that could be trimmed without harming the company. Pay People in human resources management keep updated on pay and employee tax laws. They negotiate salary and wages with an applicant as well as bonuses, merit-based awards and commissions. Other pay areas they work with include retirement, life insurance, health insurance, vacation time, sick leave, disability insurance and stock ownership plans (Felix, J. ) Training Human resources personnel coordinate employee orientation; new hires learn their rights, responsibilities and the company's physical and organizational structures. Training and development builds new hires into proficient workers. As employees gain experience, they receive supervisor, management and leadership trainings. Training happens both on the job and in formal classroom instruction. Employees can end up at a leadership or management academy outside their company (Felix, J. ) Laws and Regulations Employees receive manuals and handbooks as soon after they're hired. These books contain the company's laws affecting the employee; and the company's expectations for the employee. Human resources personnel review and process firing requests, as some states make it hard to easily fire an employee. Some states are â€Å"at will† employment states; employers can terminate employment for any reason. The employee can also quit for any reason. Human resources personnel coordinate ethics training and enforcement. They hold this kind of training to reduce business fraud, mismanagement, and insensitivity toward other cultures, races, religion and gender (Felix, J. ) Wellness The Human Resources department coordinates wellness programs such as drugs, diet, exercises, health, ergonomics, diversity, spirituality and employee harmony. Reducing mishaps in the workplace, and reducing diet and habit-based sickness, helps improve productivity. An organization has to pay worker compensation and health insurance. Wellness programs reduce sickness and injury in the long run, saving the company money while getting more out of the worker (Felix, J. ) In conclusion, human resource management is very vital in any job field that you go to. Human resources are forever changing as we develop new technology, new laws and regulations, new innovative ways to deal with employees, health and wellness, etc. The greatest future challenge for the field will be the continued integration of management with other theories to address socially relevant issues as life becomes more complex and diverse. References Felix, J. (n. d. ). About Human Resource Management. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_4796612_human-resource-management. html Heathfield, S. M. (n. d. ). What is Human Resource Management? Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management. htm

The Declaration Of Independence And Freedom Of Speech

Individual rights have been a hot topic in the American government since the first stirrings of the American Revolution. In accordance with the American Revolution, Thomas Jefferson’s â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† was revolutionary in its statement that all people had â€Å"certain unalienable rights† (18), which people today sometimes to refer to as individual rights. In modern times, many television shows have made references to individual rights, such marriage equality, like in Leslie Knope’s officiation of the marriage between two male penguins on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (â€Å"Pawnee Zoo†). Although it could be said that â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† is focused only on equality and independence from Great Britain and that†¦show more content†¦This quote is proof that the colonists had no freedom to complain about injustices because every time the colonists attempted to, they were punished. â€Å"Th e Declaration of Independence† exposition of the colonist’s inability to speak about the problems they have with the government, and the punishments that arose when one did attempt to address their complaints demonstrate the beginnings of freedom of speech. Because Parks and Recreation is set in present day, freedom of speech is a constitutional right and the television show argues for freedom of speech in show the good it does for the community, especially when it comes to the people’s right to complain about injustices. Parks and Recreation advocates for the airing of grievances through the multiple public forums held during the show’s run. One of those public forums involves a woman expressing her displeasure at the proposal of a park being built near her house, â€Å"My name is Kate Spivack†¦I live in the neighborhood. And I am one hundred percent against this park† (â€Å"Canvassing†). Whether other characters like what Spivack is s aying or not, she has the freedom to denounce anything the government is doing that she does not like. Leslie Knope, the character that is most often running the publicShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech891 Words   |  4 PagesJunior’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Ever since children have been born, they have celebrated Independence Day by either going to a parade, or shooting fireworks. Although, at these young ages, children don’t quite know the real importance of each of them. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted every human being, regardless of their race to be treated fairly or just. 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